Quantifying sand delivery to deep water during changing sea-level: Numerical models from the Quaternary Brazos Icehouse continental margin     

Oriol Falivene  Bradford E. Prather  John Martin 《Basin Research》2020,32(6):1711-1733

Sequence stratigraphy for clastic continental margins predicts the development of sand-rich turbidite deposits during specific times in relation to base-level cycles. It is now widely understood that deltas can extend to the shelf-edge forced by high sediment flux and/or base level, providing a direct connection to transfer sediment and sand to the slope and basin floor even during high base level periods. Herein, we build a stratigraphic forward model for the last 120 kyr of the fluvio-deltaic to deep-water Brazos system (USA) where sediment partitioning along an Icehouse continental margin can be evaluated. The reduced-complexity stratigraphic forward model employs geologically constrained input parameters and mass balance. The modelled architecture is consistent with the location of depositional units previously mapped in the shelf. Sand bypasses the shelf and upper slope between 35 to 15 kyr before present and only about 20%–30% of all the sediment and sand supplied to the system is transferred to deep water. Several scenarios based on the initial Brazos model investigate the relationships between base level and deep-water sand ratio (DWSR). DWSR is defined as the relative amount of sand transferred to the deep-water portions of the system subdivided by the total sand input to the model. Linear correlations between DWSR and base level change rates or base level are very poor. Short-term variability due to local processes (for example avulsions) is superimposed to the long-term trends and mask the base level signal. DWSR for an entire base-level cycle is mainly controlled by the proportion of time the delta stays docked at the shelf-edge. Stratigraphic forward models are useful to complement field observations and quantify how different processes control stratigraphy, which is important for making predictions in areas with limited information.  相似文献   

Reanalysing strong-convective wind damage paths using high-resolution aerial images     

Rodríguez  Oriol  Bech  Joan 《Natural Hazards》2020,104(1):1021-1038

Natural Hazards - High-resolution aerial imagery may provide very detailed information about strong-convective wind events, which can be very useful to enhance and make more robust severe weather...  相似文献   

Can light intensity cause shifts in natural product and bacterial profiles of the sponge Aplysina aerophoba?          下载免费PDF全文

Oriol Sacristán‐Soriano  Bernard Banaigs  Mikel A. Becerro 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(1):88-105

The potential role of microbial consortia on sponge chemistry is well known. However, how environmental factors affect microbial and chemical profiles and how these shifts affect the sponge holobiont are far from being understood. This study experimentally investigated the effect of light on both the concentration of secondary metabolites and the bacterial assemblages of the sponge Aplysina aerophoba. We quantified major brominated alkaloids (BAs) using a high‐performance liquid chromatography system coupled with a UV‐detector and analysed sponge‐associated bacteria using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. We identified distinct chemical and bacterial profiles between the ectosome and the choanosome of A. aerophoba. The abundance of most secondary metabolites increased regardless of the illumination regime. We found that the probability of occurrence of three microbial phylotypes (operational taxonomic units 84, 86 and 87) was strongly associated with increasing concentrations of three brominated compounds (aerophobin‐1, aplysinamisin‐1 and isofistularin‐3). Although the role of these bacteria remains uninvestigated, these associations between natural products and specific microbial phylotypes outline further hypotheses that will improve our understanding of the organization and functioning of these complex host–symbiont interactions.  相似文献   

Histological and morphological alterations induced by copper exposure in Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta, Nereididae)     

Geracitano LA  Luquet C  Monserrat JM  Bianchini A 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):263-267

Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta, Nereididae) was collected in an unpolluted (UP) and an polluted (P) site at the Patos Lagoon estuary (Southern Brazil) and maintained under control conditions (UPC and PC, respectively) or exposed to waterborne copper (UPCu and PCu; 500 microg Cu/l), for 48 h. Four groups (aaUPC, aaPC, aaUPCu, and aaPCu) were also pre-exposed for 48 h to ascorbic acid (aa; 0.1 mM) before copper exposure. Histological and morphological alterations, as well as oxygen consumption changes were evaluated. Independently of the sampling site and the pre-exposure to the ascorbic acid, morphological abnormalities were evident in more than 80% of worms exposed to copper. Conspicuous histological changes (coeloma obliteration, cuticle separation from the epidermis, and absence of dorsal vessel) were also observed. In addition, PCu worms showed loss of the digestive epithelium and coiling behavior. Similar oxygen consumption values were observed in control and copper exposed worms.  相似文献   

Lithological control of land subsidence induced by groundwater withdrawal in new urban AREAS (Granada Basin,SE Spain). Multiband DInSAR monitoring          下载免费PDF全文

Davide Notti  Rosa María Mateos  Oriol Monserrat  Nùria Devanthéry  Tomás Peinado  Francisco Javier Roldán  Francisca Fernández‐Chacón  Jorge Pedro Galve  Francisco Lamas  Jose Miguel Azañón 《水文研究》2016,30(13):2317-2331

Ground subsidence in the southeastern border of the Granada Basin (SE Spain) has been studied using remote sensing techniques. Over the last decades, the region has experienced a huge urban expansion, which has caused a substantial increase in water supply requirements. Water needs are exclusively met by groundwater by means of numerous pumping wells, which exploit a confined detrital aquifer of alluvial fan deposits with a heterogeneous facies distribution. A general piezometric level decline (up to 50 m) has been recorded in the aquifer during the past 30 years that has induced the generation of a subsiding area with oval shape oriented WNW‐ESE just where the new urban areas and pumping wells are located. Subsidence has been monitored by exploiting synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from ENVISAT (2003–2009) and Cosmo‐SkyMed (2011–2014). A new approach, which combines A‐DInSAR and small‐area persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) analysis, has been applied obtaining a good accuracy regarding temporal and spatial dimension of the subsidence. ENVISAT data (2003–2009) reveal subsidence rates up to 10–15 mm/year, and Cosmo‐SkyMed (2011–2014) values slightly lower; up to 10 mm/year. Temporal variations in the subsidence velocity are in accordance with the rainfall pattern and piezometric fluctuations in the aquifer. The sector with highest rates of subsidence does not correspond to the area with more intense groundwater exploitation but to the area with greater presence of clays in the confining layer of the aquifer. There is a clear lithological control in the spatial distribution of the ground subsidence. This work integrates detailed geological and hydrogeological data with differential SAR interferometry monitoring with the aim to better understand subsidence processes in detrital aquifers with small‐scale heterogeneity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Syntectonic unconformities of the Alto Cardener,Spanish Pyrenees: a genetic interpretation     

Oriol Riba 《Sedimentary Geology》1976,15(3):213-233

The age of three syntectonic unconformities belonging to the Upper Eocene—Middle Oligocene is discussed. The structural characteristics of the conglomerates in the Catalonian south Pyrenees are described with special attention to mechanisms of tectonics and sedimentation and to the lateral relationships between conformity, progressive unconformity (or cumulative wedge system) and angular unconformity. The older unconformities have been tectonically deformed. A new genetic model is proposed to explain offlaponlap mechanisms of each folding phase and the development of angular and progressive unconformities.  相似文献   

Meteorological tsunamis near the Balearic and Kuril Islands: Descriptive and statistical analysis     

A. B. Rabinovich  S. Monserrat 《Natural Hazards》1996,13(1):55-90

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Cyanobacterial blooms in estuarine ecosystems: characteristics and effects on Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta, Nereididae)     

da Rosa CE  de Souza MS  Yunes JS  Proença LA  Nery LE  Monserrat JM 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(9):956-964

In January of 2003, a cyanobacterial bloom in the Patos' Lagoon (Southern Brazil) (32 degrees 05'S-52 degrees 12'W) was observed. Water samples were taken to identify the composition and abundance of the bloom, as well as the occurrence of toxins. The effects of this occurrence on the estuarine worm Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta, Nereididae) was also evaluated. Predominance of cyanobacteria, particularly Anabaena trichomes ( approximately 2.5.10(6) individuals per liter) was observed, and low concentrations of microcystins and anticholinesterasic toxins were detected. Augmented levels of lipid hydroperoxides (LPO) and glutathione-S-transferase activity, and lowering of total protein content were also observed in organisms collected during the bloom event. Although non-toxic, the cyanobacterial bloom could augment the cycle of hyper-oxygenation and hypoxia in the water. During hyperoxia, L. acuta, an oxyconformer, should consume more oxygen, thus augmenting the rate of reactive oxygen species generation. A repeated cycle of hyper-oxygenation and hypoxia would finally induce oxidative stress, as evidenced by the high levels of LPO and glutathione-S-transferase activity.  相似文献   

Influence of water mixing on the inhibitory effect of UV radiation on primary and bacterial production in Mediterranean coastal water     

Roberto Bertoni  Wade H. Jeffrey  Mireille Pujo-Pay  Louise Oriol  Pascal Conan  Fabien Joux 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2011,73(3):377-387

The scaling of the solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280–400 nm) effect on phyto- and bacterio-plankton at the ecosystem level is difficult since its estimate is often based on short-time incubation experiments performed at fixed depths, neglecting the previous days’ radiation history and the variable radiation caused by vertical mixing. To examine this issue, we measured primary (PP) and bacterial (BP) production in samples from coastal water in the Northwest Mediterranean Sea incubated at fixed depths or moving vertically within the water column (0–8 m) with a periodicity of 22 min, exposed to full sun, PAR or maintained in dark. Three experiments were carried out on consecutive days to measure day-to-day variations in planktonic response. In surface waters, PP was inhibited by ~32 to 42% by UVR, and BP was inhibited by ~50 to 70% by solar radiation (UVR + PAR). We observed a general decrease in the integrated inhibition of PP due to UVR for both fixed and moving incubations over the 3 days from ~27% of inhibition to non-significant inhibition. In contrast, large discrepancies were observed in the integrated inhibition of BP due to solar radiation (UVR + PAR) between fixed and moving incubations. Whereas both type of incubations gave similar estimation of solar radiation inhibition on day 1 (~25%), inhibition became much higher for fixed incubation compared to moving incubation on days 2 and 3. Differences in responses between days suggest that light history, spectral quality, photoadaptation or acclimation may be important factors in daily observed responses. Our results also underline, for the first time, the importance of the vertical mixing in the BP inhibition by solar radiation.  相似文献   

Impact of chemical and meteorological boundary and initial conditions on air quality modeling: WRF-Chem sensitivity evaluation for a European domain     

Mathias Ritter  Mathias D. Müller  Oriol Jorba  Eberhard Parlow  L.-J. Sally Liu 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2013,119(1-2):59-70

This study evaluates the impact of different chemical and meteorological boundary and initial conditions on the state-of-the-art Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with its chemistry extension (WRF-Chem). The evaluation is done for July 2005 with 50 km horizontal resolution. The effect of monthly mean chemical boundary conditions derived from the chemical transport model LMDZ-INCA on WRF-Chem is evaluated against the effect of the preset idealized profiles. Likewise, the impact of different meteorological initial and boundary conditions (GFS and Reanalysis II) on the model is evaluated. Pearson correlation coefficient between these different runs range from 0.96 to 1.00. Exceptions exists for chemical boundary conditions on ozone and for meteorological boundary conditions on PM₁₀, where coefficients of 0.90 were obtained. Best results were achieved with boundary and initial conditions from LMDZ-INCA and GFS. Overall, the European simulations show encouraging results for observed air pollutant, with ozone being the most and PM₁₀ being the least satisfying.  相似文献